Trust Administration
Perhaps you have just lost a loved one, and you are beginning to look at the steps you must take following a death in California.
If you were named as the Trustee of your loved one’s Estate, it can be more than a little stressful going through their things, finding their financials and deeds, paying their debts, paying their taxes, administering the Will and Living Trust they left behind, canceling subscriptions, closing bank accounts, and distributing assets to all their beneficiaries in a fair and legal way.
How Long Does Trust Administration Take in California?
It’s often a long process, requiring a year or more—so brace yourself and try to relax. This is going to take time and it’s going to take patience. You should also immediately consider getting professional help with Trust Administration in California through a legal firm like ours that specializes in trusts and estates.
Regardless of your choice on how to move forward, there are some key facts and key trust administration steps you need to keep in mind. Here are some of the actions that need to be on your trust administration checklist.
What Does a Trustee Have to Do? Does a New Trustee Have to Go to Probate Court?
Let’s assume that your loved one left behind Trust and Will. If so, you should be enormously grateful. We haven’t space in this article to deal with cases in which no trust has been left behind. Just know that in most states, including California, if there’s no trust, you must go to Probate Court. Indeed, if certain classes of assets are left out of a trust, or if minors require guardianship, you will still need to go to probate court.
The job of Trustee is a weighty one, and you must either educate yourself deeply in how to administer a trust in California, or hire a firm like ours to help you administer the trust. If, for example, you have now lost both your parents and you have siblings, it will be vital to do everything in your power to be fair and equitable to every beneficiary of your parents’ estate, as well as follow the terms of the will and trust—and do your best to prevent friction and misunderstanding among heirs. Indeed, you may be legally liable for errors and omissions in your administration of the trust.
So…what does a Trustee do? We can’t cover it all in one article, but let’s get you started and give you a little California trust law outline by looking at some vital Trustee responsibilities. We’ll assume that along with being named Trustee, you were named Executor of the Will.
What Documents Are Needed for a Trust Administration in California?
The most important document is the Estate Plan—but you also need to find all related documents:
- Trust
- Wills
- Asset List
- Death Certificate
- Property Deeds
- Tax Returns/Filings
- Funeral Instructions
These documents must now be guarded with great care, as they represent everyone’s legal rights and responsibilities to the assets. Indeed, anyone who is a beneficiary may rightfully ask for a copy. If you don’t know where the plan is located, your loved one’s legal firm will likely have an archival copy.
If the Estate Plan is found before the deceased has been laid to rest, you must also find any written funeral, cremation, burial, or memorial instructions. Usually, these are included in the Trust, and you must locate and guard those carefully. You may have a legal duty to try to execute those instructions to the best of your ability. There could already be a plan in place called a “Pre-Need Plan,” in which case decisions would have already been made. If there isn’t a plan in place, decisions will be up to the people named in the Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare which is also known as an Advanced Healthcare Directive.
Just as importantly, you must obtain certified copies of the Death Certificate, arranged by a funeral home, and signed by the attending physician. Order at least six official copies, as you will need these for many purposes. It’s worth the small expense. For some purposes, a photocopy of the original will do, but in many cases, you will need an official, certified copy.
Does a Trustee Have to List All Assets, In or Out of the Trust “Box”?
Yes. As Trustee, it’s now your job to make a detailed list of everything that is held within and was left out of your loved one’s California Living Trust.
You can think of a Living Trust like a box, and the Trust documents like distribution instructions written on the side of that box. As the Trustee, you are now the treasurer, but not the owner of the box. It’s your job to guard the box and distribute the contents to the “Beneficiaries” named in the Trust. One of those beneficiaries may be you, but being the Trustee gives you no more right to the assets in the box than other beneficiaries.
Let’s take a quick look at the “box” of a Living Trust.
Assets, including real estate, bank accounts, and brokerage accounts were put into the box we call a Living Trust to make them easy to pass on to the trust’s beneficiaries—without any court involved. The Trust document instructs the Successor Trustee what to do with the items in the box after someone dies. Assets were “put” into the box by deeding real estate to the trust, and by the changing the account holder on a financial account to the name of the trust.
Since personal items like furniture do not have deeds or documents of title, that important separate document, the “pour-over will” transfers those items to the trust. A properly structured Last Will & Testament tied to a trust will do just that.
Your list must include all these deeds, bank accounts, retirement accounts, credit card accounts, loans, life insurance policies, investments, contracts, business assets, utility bills, mortgages, personal loans, tax returns, medical bills, as well as the funeral bill. Indeed, if the loved one’s records aren’t perfect, you may not find out about some debts and assets until months later, when all the statements have come in the mail, or creditors realize your loved one has died.
As you begin to make your list, you may realize that some things are not in the trust which should be, and that those items will take special attention, and may even be a problem that requires court involvement.
If we’re talking about your parents, and your parents were wise, they would not have put their IRA accounts into the trust. Inherited IRAs are a subject too complex for this article, but know they are fraught with danger, and like life insurance, generally should not be placed in a Living Trust.
On the other hand, your parents might easily have accidentally left a real property out of their trust. Errors like this definitely require the help of an attorney, and you need to contact one immediately.
We’ll talk more about things “not in the box” near the end of this article.
As you make your list, remember that you need to keep it available to the other beneficiaries of the trust, such as your siblings. Make sure that everything you do is transparent to them. If you have questions about what you are required to disclose, you should discuss this with a qualified attorney.
How Should a Trustee Review the Provisions of a Will and Living Trust?
As Trustee, you must read every document in the Estate Plan very, very carefully. Some documents can be complex and confusing, but the attorneys at our firm are experienced and ready to help you interpret the Estate Plan documents. Recognize that when all the original grantors passed away, the trust immediately became irrevocable. Even though you are now the Trustee, you cannot change it, and you are legally bound to its provisions. Keep some key questions in mind as you read:
- —Are there special instructions regarding the loved one’s funeral, cremation, or burial?
- —Who gets the loved one’s personal effects?
- —Who gets any specific bequests?
- —Who gets the loved one’s residuary trust?
- —What was the date and location where the trust agreement was signed?
- —Who signed the trust as witnesses and Notary Public?
The savvy move is to write down a summary of these and other important points that you can refer to easily.
You may realize that some things are not in the trust which should be, and that those items will take special attention, and may even require court involvement.
Within the Estate Plan, you will probably find “Powers of Attorney” documents. These become irrelevant as soon as someone dies—but never throw any such documents away.
Should a Successor Trustee Consider Meeting with a Trust Attorney to Obtain Trust Administration Services?
Yes, it’s possible to do this yourself, but you are entitled to work with a qualified Trust Attorney to help you with California Trust Administration, and we strongly suggest doing so on anything but the simplest estates. Not only will you spare yourself enormous hassles and potential errors, but working with an attorney will greatly reduce your personal liability as the Successor Trustee.
After a death, an Estate Firm that does Trust Administration can help immediately by:
- Determining the accurate value of the estate.
- Resolving any outstanding debts and expenses.
- Strategizing on reducing or eliminating estate and other taxes.
- If in California, working to prevent a reassessment of property taxes.
- Fully administering a trust in conjunction with the family’s existing advisors and fiduciaries.
- Strategizing on the complex issues involving retirement accounts.
- Distributing assets to the proper beneficiaries as quickly and efficiently as possible.
Do you really need to pay an attorney? Well, as you might already see, there are a lot of important things you really don’t want to get wrong. Getting them wrong could lead to lawsuits, enmity among siblings, and worse.
Plenty of estates are completely lost to legal fees among siblings as they fight things out in courts.
Without professional help, it’s pretty easy to improperly account for assets, or get things like date-of-death values wrong. It’s also pretty easy for some terrible tax disasters to occur, especially with things like retirement accounts.
In any but the simplest situations, acting as Trustee can also take up a lot of your time.
Does a Successor Trustee Need to Value the Assets as of the Date of Death?
Yes. A vital responsibility of a Trustee is to establish date-of-death values for all your loved one’s assets. You can see how time will be of the essence in this job.
All financial institutions where the deceased’s assets are located must be quickly contacted to obtain these date-of-death values. For assets including real estate, personal effects including jewelry, artwork, collectibles, and closely held businesses, that’s a different job—possibly requiring a professional appraiser.
We’re talking about the value of everything, here. The value of all of the decedent’s assets will need to be established, including those passing outside of the trust, in order to determine if any estate taxes or inheritance taxes will be owed, as well as increases in value after the date of death, when assets are liquidated.
Assets likely to move outside of the trust may include life insurance, IRAs, 401(k)s and annuities with named beneficiaries.
Does a Successor Trustee Have to Pay the Bills of the Person Who Died?
Yes, the bills of someone who has passed away must be paid. Ultimately, the estate owes the money, and the bills are paid out of the estate. All those debts must be settled before there can be a distribution of anything to yourself or the other beneficiaries. And yes, that will delay a distribution—another reason to seek professional help.
This is also the time that you, as the Successor Trustee, will need to evaluate whether trust assets, such as real estate or a business, should be sold. This is your sole decision as Trustee, and often it’s the best way of creating an equitable distribution for multiple heirs—though again, you should seek professional advice.
The Trustee is also responsible for paying the ongoing expenses of administering the trust, such as legal fees or accounting fees. Then there are ongoing expenses like utilities, insurance premiums, mortgage payments, and homeowner or condominium association fees.
In many cases, you may draw a small stipend from the estate for the work you are doing in all this, and of course the estate should pay administrative expenses. But proceed with great caution in this area, and again seek professional advice, as you do not want to trigger questions from other beneficiaries or create liability for yourself.
Is a Successor Trustee Responsible for Paying the Taxes of the Deceased?
As Trustee, you are now responsible for filing your loved one’s final tax return. Then, if the Trust earns any income at all after their death, you must file a separate tax return on behalf of the Trust, both state and federal.
Absolutely do not try to file these returns without the professional help of a qualified CPA, as it must be done correctly and within legal parameters you are not equipped to understand.
How Are Trust Assets Distributed to Beneficiaries After a Death?
Distributing the assets from a trust can be a big job. As Successor Trustee, you need to have a clear accounting available for all the beneficiaries. You may need to complete transfer deeds and other change-of-title documentation. You will need to work closely with each financial institution involved.
Only after all of the above has been settled can a Successor Trustee actually distribute trust income or property to trust beneficiaries, including possibly yourself, strictly according to terms of the Will , Trust, and the Law.
Do not distribute anything, even mementoes and cash you find in drawers, without all the above taking place.
Once again, to avoid problems, including personal liability for screw-ups, we strongly advise you to work with an estate or Living Trust Attorney along with a good accountant, and if the assets are significant, a financial advisor.
What If An Asset Is Left Out of a Trust?
As we mentioned earlier, you may have found a number of assets which had never been put into the “box” of the trust. Let’s go back and talk about that now.
Certain assets, like bank accounts, retirement accounts, and investment accounts may have stayed in the name of the deceased, rather than going into the Trust. These may have been structured with PODs, or payable-on-death beneficiaries. If so, you must work directly with the financial institution on how to fulfill those PODs. But even though you are Trustee of the Living Trust and Executor of the Will, you have no power to manage that process or prevent other beneficiaries from exercising their rights over such accounts. It’s between them and the financial institution. You should, however, try to meet with all the beneficiaries and discuss the options—preferably with the help of a California Estate Attorney.
You can think of a Living Trust like a box, and the Trust documents like distribution instructions written on the side of that box. As the Trustee, you are now the treasurer, but not the owner of the box.
If you and other beneficiaries are inheriting IRA or other retirement accounts, please realize immediately that these are fraught with issues and require careful education and management.
For many asset types not included in the Trust, including real estate, you will need to talk to an attorney immediately, and in order to get control of such assets you may very well need to open a court-administered probate.
The probate experience does vary greatly state by state. As California Estate Planning Attorneys who handle probate, we can give you a little good news: California has implemented an easier and expedited court procedure which can transfer certain assets into a trust after a death so that the estate can be administered without further delay.
What is a Heggstad Petition?
Let’s say that your mother inherited a home from a sibling which was never put into her Living Trust. Or the home was pulled out of the trust at some point for refinancing.
California Courts allow what is known as a Heggstad Petition, named after a case, Estate of Heggstad, (1993) 16 Cal. App. 4th 943, which first discussed the concept.
Using the Heggstad case as precedent, courts allow Trustees to file an administrative petition asking that assets found outside of the trust be properly transferred to the trust. The petition must show that the specific asset is mentioned in the trust, and that the trust creator (called a “Trustor” or “Grantor”) intended that the property be in the trust. Courts will look to language in the trust specifically mentioning the asset.
In some trusts, the real property is not specifically mentioned. A recent case called Ukkestad v. RBS Asset Finance, Inc. (2015) 235 Cal. App. 156 loosened the requirement that the asset be specifically mentioned if the trust states that “all personal and real property…wherever situated” be held in the trust.
The Ukkestad case makes the process easier, but it’s still preferable to have a specific reference to the assets subject to the petition. As Ukkestad is a relatively recent case from 2015, it’ll take some time to see how other courts will interpret and implement this rule of law.
What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You
Please be aware that we have not given you a comprehensive checklist for your new and vital role as Trustee—we’ve just sketched out the highlights.
We’ve not touched on some of the obvious additional issues: online accounts, subscriptions, life insurance policies, and so forth will all need to be dealt with. The exact timing of closing or transferring bank accounts, for example, will be vital.
Indeed, no full-length book could offer a full checklist of all the possible issues—and errors—that can come up for Trustees—and unfortunately, many new trustees get far into the process before they realize they’ve gone off track and need an attorney to help out.
All too often that happens only after siblings have become estranged, unnecessary taxes have been paid, and laws have been broken.
Can I Get Out of Being the Trustee of My Parent’s Trust?
If you’ve been reading this article and you are now thinking, “do I really have to do this,” you should also know that you have no legal obligation to accept the role of Trustee, no matter the wishes of your loved one.
Most trusts name successor Trustees if the first decides not to serve. Or you may seek the help of a lawyer in having a new Trustee named, including a professional Trustee.
What Do We Do?
If you want the administration to avoid delays and potential litigation, hire an attorney experienced and skilled in trust administration to assist you.